木耳灭活原生质体融合育种研究

以黑木和毛木耳为亲本菌株 ,通过灭活原生质体融合 ,经过初筛和复筛 ,一株新的稳定的木耳高产菌株被选育出来。黑木耳和毛木耳原生质体分别被热灭活 (6 5℃ ,30min)和紫外线灭活 (30W ,30cm ,10min) ,双亲存活率为 3 5× 10 -7～ 3 2× 10 -8。在聚乙二醇诱导下融合继续生存 ,亲本原生质体融合被实现 ,重组频率为4 3× 10 -5。     

Natural hybridization in wild soybean (Glycine max ssp. soja) by pollen flow from cultivated soybean (Glycine max ssp. max) in a designed population

The frequency of hybridization through pollen flow from the cultivated soybean to the wild soybean was evaluated for the purpose of assessment of the ecological risk of genetically modified crops. The flowering habits of three soybean cultivars and one wild soybean accession were monitored on an experimental farm. A cultivar and a wild accession, both of which flowered at a similar period, were then planted alternately in 5 12 arrays with 50 cm spacing on the farm. The seedlings of progeny seeds gathered from individual plants of the wild accession were used for an isozyme analysis to identify whether they were hybrid or not. In 23 plants of the wild accession, four plants produced hybrids (the incidence of hybridization = 17.4%). There was no directionality in hybridization. The hybridization rate per maternal plant varied from 0 to 5.89% with a mean of 0.73% for all maternal plants. The results indicate that natural hybrids are easily produced in a certain frequency by pollen flow from the cultivated soybean to the wild soybean under their simultaneous flowering with adequate pollinators.     

鲁禽3号麻鸡配套系的选育研究

在地方鸡种选育提高的基础上,经过多年的品系选育和配合力测定,培育出羽色、胫色、冠型等体型外貌特征和肌肉品质接近土鸡,生产性能显著提高的鲁禽3号麻鸡配套系,实现了地方品种的创新利用。     

陇东野生紫花苜蓿的生态特征

陇东野生紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa为根茎-平卧型多年生苜蓿,分布于甘肃清水、定西半阴湿山脚地带,经植物学、生物学特征特性观察,结果表明:陇东野生紫花苜蓿与栽培紫花苜蓿相比,其生长速度慢,叶片小且数量少,根系为根茎型,无主根,茎纤细且平卧或半平卧生长,分枝能力强,耐践踏,抗寒、抗旱,有许多栽培苜蓿所没有的植物学和生物学特征特性.     

野生大豆栽培条件下的生长发育及干物质生产特性

野生大豆Glysine soja为栽培大豆G.max的祖先种,籽粒和茎叶均具有较高的饲用价值。试验以栽培大豆为对照,用来自3个生态区的一年生野生大豆在田间栽培条件下研究了其生长发育和干物质积累的特性,结果表明,一年生野生大豆主茎长度2年平均比栽培大豆长73 cm、叶片和茎的产量分别比栽培大豆高 54.3%和86.1%,比栽培大豆具有更高的饲草生产潜力。但一年生野生大豆荚产量远低于栽培大豆,栽培大豆荚产量是野生大豆的6.4倍。来自不同生态区的一年生野生大豆的生长发育和干物质积累特性差异显著。引自低纬度地区的一年生野生大豆的全株草产量、叶片和茎产量显著高于引自高纬度地区和当地的一年生野生大豆;但荚产量呈相反趋向。     

Encroachment of Echinococcus granulosus into urban areas in eastern Queensland, Australia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus in wild dogs (dingos and dingo-domestic dog hybrids) living in and around human habitation on Fraser Island and in townships of the Maroochy Shire, on Queensland's Sunshine Coast, Australia. DESIGN: Wild dogs were humanely killed on Fraser Island and in the Maroochy Shire because they were deemed a potential danger to the public. Their intestines were collected and the contents examined for intestinal parasites. PROCEDURE: Intestines were removed as soon after death as possible, packed in plastic bags and kept frozen until examination. The intestinal contents were washed, sieved and examined microscopically for the presence of helminths, which were identified and counted. RESULTS: Intestines from 108 wild dogs, 7 foxes and 18 Fraser Island dingoes were examined. Echinococcus granulosus was only present in the wild dogs from Maroochy Shire (46.3%) with worm burdens of between 30 and 104,000. Other helminths included Spirometra erinacei, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia spp., Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis. Two specimens of a trematode (Haplorchinae sp.) usually found infecting fish and seabirds were recovered from a Fraser Island dingo. CONCLUSION: Dingoes on Fraser Island are not infected with E. granulosus and do not pose a hydatid disease public health risk to residents or visitors. However, wild dogs examined from the Maroochy Shire do present a potential hydatid disease public health risk.     

浙江省特有野生珍贵植物濒危原因及保护对策

根据5 a的实地调查和综合前人研究成果,浙江省特有野生珍贵植物共有14科16属17种。对资源种类、分布、濒危原因和价值等进行了分析,提出了该类植物资源的保护对策。     

Frequency and distribution of herbicide resistance in Raphanus raphanistrum populations randomly collected across the Western Australian wheatbelt

In 2003, a random survey was conducted across the Western Australian wheatbelt to establish the extent and frequency of herbicide resistance in Raphanus raphanistrum populations infesting crop fields. Five hundred cropping fields were visited, with 90 R. raphanistrum populations collected, representative of populations present in crop fields throughout the Western Australian wheatbelt. Collected populations were screened with four herbicides of various modes of action that are commonly used for the control of this weed. The majority of Western Australian R. raphanistrum populations were found to contain plants resistant to the acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicide chlorsulfuron (54%) and auxin analogue herbicide, 2,4‐D amine (60%). This survey also determined that over half (58%) of these populations were multiple resistant across at least two of the four herbicide modes of action used in the screening. Only 17% of R. raphanistrum populations have retained their initial status of susceptibility to all four herbicides. The distribution patterns of the herbicide‐resistant populations identified that there were higher frequencies of resistant and developing resistance populations occurring in the intensively cropped northern regions of the wheatbelt. These results clearly indicate that the reliance on herbicidal weed control in cropping systems based on reduced tillage and stubble retention will lead to higher frequencies of herbicide‐resistant weed populations. Therefore, within intensive crop production systems, there is a need to diversify weed management strategies and not rely entirely on too few herbicide control options.     

叶底珠野生条件下的管理措施及开发利用研究

叶底珠是承德地区常见的一种野生灌木。2002~2005年,对其生物学特性和生活习性进行了观察,对其嫩茎叶的化学成分作了定量测定和分析,同时,对其野生状态下的栽培管理以及繁殖方法、开发利用价值等也进行了初步研究和探索。结果表明,叶底珠耐干旱瘠薄、耐寒、抗病虫害、繁殖容易、嫩茎叶营养丰富、口感好,是一种极具开发利用价值的木本蔬菜和荒山绿化树种。     

野生植物资源管理的经济手段研究

目前我国对野生植物资源的保护和管理常采用行政手段，由于其存在高成本、低效率等问题，管理效果常常不尽人意．根据我国野生植物资源管理中存在的问题，提出将经济手段引入野生植物资源管理中，行政手段和经济手段相结合，有利于对野生植物资源的有效管理．文章阐述了野生植物资源管理中的税费手段、价格手段、交易制度和其他经济手段以及经济手段的实践．并提出明晰产权、完善资源税收机制、实行拍卖制度和野生植物资源有偿使用以及建立野生植物保护基金等建议．